[hider=Materials]Mithril is very light and as strong as steel
Adamant is as heavy as steel, but far stronger
Orichalcum doesn't really do much of anything; it's just mentioned routinely through mythology.
Thokcha (i.e. thunderbolt or meteoric iron) is naturally suited to use in weapons. Injuries caused by a weapon made from Thokcha are generally more severe than if the weapon was made of ordinary iron or steel. Additionally, thunderbolt iron has an association with lightning.
Alkahest is a very concentrated acid
Panacea is a liquid that can be either imbibed or smeared on a wound like an ointment. Imbibed it can act as an antidote for many poisonous substances, and smeared on a wound it staunches bleeding and promotes wound closure and healing.[/hider]
[hider=Reagents and Tools]An aludel, an athanor, crucibles, cupels, mortars, pestals, test tubes, beakers, Erlenmeyer flasks, pipettes, petri dishes, graduated cylinders, volumetric cylinders, burettes, funnels, filters, condensers, dessicators, rubber tubing, plastic tubing, hose barbs, glass joints, bungs, stoppers, valves, Bunsen burner, Teclu burner, Meker-Fisher burner, burner fuel, scales, weights, iron ingots, aluminum ingots, titanium ingots, copper ingots, smaller gold ingots, magnesium strips, powdered calcium, powdered graphite, powdered diamond, powdered sulfur, purified water, powdered herbs, tree sap, nitric acid, and hydrochloric acid.[/hider]
[hider=Lion's Cradle]The Lion's Cradle is usually connected to 100' of wire.[/hider]
[Hider=War Knowledge]The Atlas Alchemist's whole shtick is collecting, extracting, and managing data to make the most plausible predictions about it. The bare bones of the facts are:
~The Einzberns were defeated almost immediately in the 3rd war after summoning an extremely weak servant
~The Lesser Grail of the 3rd war was destroyed, preventing victory from being claimed. This is why the Church were called in as mediators
~Gilles de Rais, a notably evil man, is summoned into the 4th war as a 'Heroic Spirit'. This shouldn't have been possible with the Grail's system
~The Einzberns hired Kiritsugu for the 4th war. Despite being in a position to win the war, Kiritsugu destroyed the 4th war's Lesser Grail
~The destruction of the grail sparks a massive conflagration in Fuyuki that took many lives and devastated the area
~The 5th war was set into motion only 10 years after the 4th war, breaking the usual 60 year cycle

The Einzberns might have been on a losing streak at the time of the 3rd war, but they were still an 8 generation magus family with loads of dough and the ability to acquire top-tier catalysts. There wasn't any reason for their servant to be shit-tier, so something's wrong there. The Lesser Grail has been destroyed before without interrupting the 60 year cycle, so the theory that the mana from the 4th war was recycled being the cause of the premature 5th war doesn't hold. Similarly there was no widespread destruction following the 3rd war's Lesser Grail's destruction; unlike the disaster that followed the destruction of the 4th war's Lesser Grail. The "colorless" wish granting contents of the grail shouldn't have any reason to cause destruction. It's fairly clear then that the Einzberns did something during the third war that's placed the Grail in an altered state. Investigation of Kiritsugu past (while difficult, 6 years chasing leads is a long time) could turn up a number of freelance sealing designations and his behavior during them. With that data the recurring ideal of 'sacrifice the few for the many' could be seen, bringing into question his reasons for destroying a wish-granting grail that could carry out his ideal.

From my point of view, the bare minimum conclusions that can be drawn from a thorough investiagtion are that the grail has been tainted by something literally evil, it no longer grants wishes, and the contents are dangerous. While she might not know it as 'mud' per se, and certainly hasn't made the connection to Angra Mainyu, she understands that the contents are in an altered state and pose a danger to the world.[/Hider]