It's time for an update. 
After removing Chrome and installing it again, I still had the issue. When trying to login a download started called 'login'. I just hit the submit button, that was enough to trigger it. 
For a moment it seemed like the issue was gone, the first time I hit submit nothing happened, but the second, third and every time after that it did. 

[img]https://s20.postimg.org/wmflub3wt/login_download.png[/img]

.

However, after a complete formation and re-installation of my laptop the issue seems to be gone. 

I still don't know what caused it, perhaps it was a glitch from windows 10, as I got the problem with both Chrome and Firefox and re-installing Chrome didn't work.

Whatever it was, for now I can say I don't have any problems anymore.