[quote=Etcetera] That's what I'm saying. Any mutation that seems to create "new" information is just an activation of existing information. For example, scientists induced a mutation in a bacteria that allowed it to live on citrus. But the information was already there, in an existing gene, but in a sort of "off" position. [/quote] You keep implying that things that aren't closed systems are. http://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/origins-of-new-genes-and-pseudogenes-835 http://genetics.thetech.org/ask/ask358