That can vary quite a bit. Crossbows generally had a smaller range of power (while all being on average stronger than bows), whereas a bow can vary considerably. The most powerful Longbows can easily pierce a thick wooden shield or even lighter plate, but such bows require both good craftsmanship and a very strong, tall archer to wield them, and are often as tall as ther wielder even when strung.

Shorter, lower quality bows range quite a bit, though the general rule is shorter bow = less power. There are exceptions based on bow design though - it can be quite a complex field.