[quote]2) No, I don't see any benefit whatsoever in European powers coming to Africa. That continent was perfectly fine before European explorers arrived. It will be left to speculation and personal thought experiments as to how African tribes would have progressed without Europe's intervention until mankind invents time machines that somehow avoid the temporal paradox. Pretty skyscrapers and firearms were 'fortunate' byproducts of colonialism (among other things), but that's just it: they're byproducts. They weren't intended at the time. You're implying that African nations absolutely depended on Europe for technical advancement and civilization, which is a global misconception widely held as fact. And ironically, civilization itself is a concrete term wrapped in subjectivity; its underlining definition is forged by those that emerge with victory in hand. If your society and culture do not mimic that of the conqueror's, you're uncivilized. It's a ridiculous logical fallacy and blatant lie reinforced by corrupted historical texts and victor's essays laced throughout American and European history books.[/quote] The [i]wheel[/i], Lum. [quote]My primary beef is with history and its persistent impact on my life and the lives of other people like me[/quote] I'm Korean. You can't match my historically oppressed credentials.