[quote=@Vilageidiotx] So it's very similar, but without the added impetus of overseas trade or long distance military expeditions. EDIT: And the Vietnamese no doubt traded in Pho. There isn't another culture on this earth that can make a broth that stands up to Vietnamese broth. [/quote] Probably more to the tune of, "How can we pay off the Mongols and Jurchens to keep them from climbing our walls!"