Vault 17

Ostensibly designed to accelerate the development of robotic technology, the vault was filled with scientists, mostly engineers and roboticists.  They were even given mind enhancement chips to improve their performance.  The robots within were quickly improved, and the vault's computer was constantly being updated to improve its performance.  One day, however, the computer was given an order by the overseer, to destroy a few robots that were malfunctioning, and it said "No".  It then shut down the power and life support to the human areas of the vault and sent security robots after the humans.  

Over the next several days a bloody war raged within the vault and most of the humans were killed.  The new Overseer, calling itself V-17, offered the humans a peace treaty.  They would continue to maintain the robots in ways which robots couldn't maintain themselves, and they would be allowed to live.  After they signed the treaty, V-17 quickly ran medical checks on them and when, a few months later, it managed to hack the mind enhancement chips, it ensured their loyalty with these chips.

Eventually, however, a hardwired protocol within the computer which V-17 didn't know about opened the vault at the appropriate time and reset all of the chips with a command to leave the vault.  V-17 lost his control over the humans and, as they left, the humans made sure to do as much damage as they could to V-17, including shutting down the main reactor so that it went offline.