[quote=@Ammokkx]
<Snipped quote by AngelofOctober>

I mean, I'd like a crash course on how honorifics are generally used to not fuck it up myself if we're doing that. I only have a very rough idea of what to use in which context.
[/quote]

Crash course simplified it to make it easy to digest;

Sensei is teacher

Senpai is for upperclassmen usually someone who is peer group mentor figure, so an upperclassman student who is class president or someone who is a student but a mentor figure. But it's sort of formal and respectful

San is formal and less casual then the kun and chan

Where as Kun and Chan are more informal and on a more friendly terms with another individual. Using their last name often with kun and chan

Kun - boy

chan - girl

Exceptions, chan can be used to tease a boy or tease someone in a friendly manner as well. 

But if they tell you can drop the honorific you can, and friends usually will call each other by first names. Some will drop honorifics and still call the other by their last names, considered more formal, but casual.