[b][u]South America[/u][/b]
The countries of South America were spared much of the destruction caused by the Heavenfall, as did the Southern Hemisphere overall. 
Despite this, the region was still faced with its' own problems of insurgent organizations, corruption and violence, especially as influence from the Northern Hemispheres' nations and former superpowers was less heavily felt. 
In the post-Heavenfall landscape, however, many of these nations have found themselves as economic, cultural or otherwise influential nations and presences on the world stage. 

[b]Brazil, Suriname & Guyana[/b]
Brazil in the 90s underwent a stable transition to full democratic representation and governance, after years of unstable governments and leadership. The country started to transform economically, after suffering with hyperinflation causing trouble for years, though there were still continuous issues with crime, inequality and inefficiency within the government and legal systems. As a result there were frequent political protests. 
On the upside, Brazil had a rapidly developing, powerful economy and a growing industrial base that covered a variety of industries. 
The Heavenfall spared much of the Southern Hemisphere from the major impacts, and Brazil was no different, suffering comparatively less damage than countries north of the Equator. The subsequent flooding and other impacts due to the 'long night' as dust and debris filled the atmosphere caused damage. 
This disaster underscored the need for reform and reorganisation on a large scale, and this lead to improved conditions after reforms in the legal and economic systems of the country, as well as overhauling the political bodies and organizations in place. 
Extensive construction projects were also launched, aimed at providing better housing fit for purpose that eliminated the shanty towns and favelas that had spread around urbanised areas, and the renewal programs created more and better jobs, as well as fuelling the economy. 
This increase in the national economy and in security and stability allowed the Brazilian government to render aid and assistance to its' neighbours, smaller and less-developed nations that had historically suffered. The smaller nations of Suriname, Guyana and French Guiana to the north suffered more damage from rising sea levels and the geological and tidal effects from the Heavenfall, as well as from the WANC and CAA and their actions. This lead to greater co-operation between them, with Brazil signing treaties for co-operative agreements for trade, defence, aid, and other matters. 

Brazil itself escaped much of the depredations of both the WANC and the CAA. As the nation with the largest and most powerful military in South America and one of the largest and most powerful in the southern hemisphere, the Brazilian Armed Forces were instrumental in turning the WANC away from South America at last, and halting the expansion of the CAA southward by leading a coalition of other South American countries in a security agreement. 

With their manufacturing base, robust economy, strong military, and stable political leadership, Brazil has been a core member of the N/UN and has been a leading presence in the post-Heavenfall world. Shouldering this role has been a difficult task, and has resulted in a program of expanding military forces, especially with an eye on being capable of global reach and influence, as opposed to their traditional role of being focused only on regional security. 
Despite this new leading role and presence on the global stage, Brazil still suffers with issues around criminal activity within the country, especially deep within the Amazon rainforest, and in the North-West regions of the country where it borders CAA territory, and the CAA sponsoring and supplying insurgent and activist revolutionary groups within the jungle. Illegal poaching, logging, and other disruptive activities to the rainforest are also issues, along with human trafficking through the Amazon region.

[b]Colombia, Ecuador & Venezuela[/b]
Colombia had always struggled since the 1950's with internal violence. Much of this encouraged by the USA's interference in the countries' internal policies against the insurgents as part of their global crusade against communism. The country has also had terrible issues with drug cartels producing, supplying and exporting narcotics on a global scale, and the government has struggled to control this and suppress it, especially with external pressure to do so. International aid and assistance had concentrated on controlling this activity as well. 
While the Heavenfall did not cause a great deal of damage, the chaos and uncertainty it did cause, coupled with the activity of the CAA and the groups it represented erupted into a civil war, as they armed and trained the cartels as part of their expansion. It was only through assistance from Brazil and the N/UN that this civil war was bought to a halt, though this has left the country fractured and the government and military stretched and in great need of support and rebuilding and reconstruction.

Ecuador had it's own conflict with Peru that stretched through much of the 1990's, with the dispute only being resolved in the early 21st century, though anti-Peruvian sentiment was still high among some sections of the population. 
After the Heavenfall, Ecuador was not especially heavily affected, though the Galapgos Islands were notably affected by the rising sea levels and changes in climate. 
In the post-Heavenfall era, liberal reforms of the economic structure of the country have lead to massive reductions in unemployment and hugely stimulated the economy, aiding in rebuilding and creating a positive environment for investment and development. This has lead to the country being one of the stronger economies in the southern hemisphere, and this has resulted in turn in the increasing presence of Megacorporations within the country. The standard of living for the common citizen has gone up, and individual wealth has improved.
However, the country has a poor record of individual freedoms of expression and freedoms of the press and media, with repeated reports of intimidation of journalists and members of the press. Individual liberties - such as LGBTQ rights - are protected under the constitution.

The Ecuadorian military has been expanding and modernising as the economy improves, and this had lead to it being a stabilising influence in South America, and becoming an important member of the N/UN.

Venezuela suffered from extreme political unrest during the 1990s. It was a decade marked by failed coups, civil unrest and protests, and government scandal. It wasn't until the latter years of the decade that a series of elections were held and the countries' new constitution imposed. Increased spending lead to a rise in the overall social quality for all, but the Heavenfall and the resulting worldwide crisis stalled efforts at reform and improvement, and the economy collapsed into a depression, while the government itself spiralled and fractured, especially as more authoritarian measures were enacted and questions about the legitimacy of democratic elections and funding of candidates campaigns lead to more questions regarding corruption. Unemployment and poverty rose, and this has lead to external factors further influencing the country and its' course. The CAA moved in, assuming control with relative ease, and engaged in clashes against the WANC, who seized much of the countries' wealth, military equipment and materiel, and used it to fund their campaign through the Carribbean and for planning in their ongoing campaigns. The CAA managed to oust the WANC, and assumed control over the country, taking control of Venezuela's oil reserves and production to finance their own national aspirations. 

[b]Argentina[/b]
Argentina was unaffected by the immediate aftershocks of the Heavenfall, but the subsequent rising sea levels proved to be a difficulty, as flooding struck many coastal areas. 
The country had been stuck in an economic depression prior to the Heavenfall, and it took the worldwide chaos and nationwide emergency to shake things up enough for reforms to take effect. The need for rapid changed and sweeping reforms lead to a radical party in control of the country. This stimulated the economy, but there was also a considerable deal of unrest that became more pronounced as the new government were longer in their role. While the country underwent a great deal of modernisation, improvements in infrastructure, improvement in the standards of education and healthcare and a rebuilding and modernisation of the military, there were also frequent claims of corruption within the government, courts, and police, restrictions on individual freedoms - such as freedom of movement, freedom of assembly, and freedom of the press- and reports of human rights abuses, torture, and brutality against suspects by the police and military police. 
This situation has - unfortunately - persisted, but has not stopped Argentina becoming a noteworthy and strong regional power, forging strong ties with the NCAA and PRC. Argentina has not sought any conflict with the N/UN, or opposed their actions, and has signed up to many treaties of mutual benefit, such as security treaties for shipping and contributed to anti-piracy initiatives. However, they have resolutely refused any investigation or interference with their internal policies, and fiercely guard their borders.
Argentina has also expressed intentions to reclaim the Falkland Islands, as well as South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands. 

[b]Paraguay[/b]
Paraguay had a turbluent history during the 1990s and early 2000s, notable by the frequent changes in leadership and disagreements in policies, and abuses of power. This resulted in numerous civil protests. Under such criticism, the government entered into a coalition and pursued economic reform in order to try and provide a better and more stable state. 
However, before much could take effective action the Heavenfall struck. 
While Paraguay was not heavily damaged, the chaos and damage to the rest of the world had knock-on effects to the country itself. 
Following the Long Winter, Paraguay struggled further with its' economy. Exports of beef and agricultural resources that were its' mainstays, dropped drastically. The paraguayan government petitioned for assistance from their neighbours, and Brazil responded. The Brazilian government rendered considerable financial and material aid, something that bought the Paraguayan government into their sphere of influence. This also lead to greater reforms of the government and democratic processes, enabling greater stability within the country, and slowly transforming it into a more stable and steady nation, with greater comforts and quality of living for its' citizens. 
Paraguay has since become part of the N/UN, albeit a minor member, but still a contibuting one.

[b]Uruguay[/b]
Uruguay suffered from terrible economic decline in the 1990's and early 2000's, with public opinion turning against the free market policies that had been introduced during the period. Plans to privatize the national water and petroleum companies were made, but they were halted as the Heavenfall occurred, leading to emergency measures to cope. 
The long winter affected a lot of the exports and imports that Uruguay depended on, and lead to higher levels of unemployment, homelessness, disease and crime. 
It wasn't until the next round of democratic elections that a new government started to take action to address these issues. Programs of reconstruction were launched that created more jobs and stimulated employment and the economy. Introduction of social security reforms bought in new public healthcare available and affordable to all, along with other social programs for support. Progress was somewhat gradual, but showed improvement. Other economic programs allowed for greater investment into industry and made the country attractive for corporate investment. 
Since then, Uruguay has become a stable regional power with a growing economy, and has joined the N/UN.  

[b]Chile[/b]
Chile enjoyed a relatively free and liberal government during the 1990s and early 21st century, through a coalition government. The country remained stable and prosperous, especially after coming out of a precious decade and a half under a military dictatorship. 
Chile suffered significant damage from earthquakes related to the Heavenfall and the flooding that followed - especially to it's island territories - but was able to rebuild quickly and efficiently. As a stable regional power and presence, the Chilean government rendered aid to other more heavily affected powers in the Northern hemisphere. Chile is an important contributor to the N/UN, and has strong alliances and contact with many other countries. Chile maintains a relatively robust military, which it is continuing to steadily expand with a regard to strengthening its' ability to project power wordlwide as part of its' commitment to the N/UN. 

[b]Peru[/b]
Peru in the 1990's was marked by a stark contrast. While inflation in the country fell drastically and its' economy was growing thanks to substantial economic reforms, the country was tarred with the brush of atrocities committed by the armed forces in cracking down on the insurgent groups and in pursuing them and clamping down on support for them. The rule of the president during this time was strongly authoritarian policies that steered the country into his vision and criminalised left-leaning policies, ideals or views as 'terrorism' or terrorist activities, and creating a climate of fear. 
The president was ousted in the early 2000's, but escaped prosecution for humans rights abuses. 
The Heavenfall lead to a round of new elections, but corruption was still endemic within the government, as many of its' ministers clung to control of the departments, agencies and institutions that allowed them to maintain their power previously. Progress in human rights and individual freedoms have progressed despite strong opposition, and the new government has conducted fair and free elections. 
The current government is the most liberal Peru has had for some time, but faces considerable internal opposition from the remnants of the authoritarian government and the deeply entrenched views and concepts held. Inequality is still rife, but slow progress is being made. Peru is experiencing improving, and has strong ties with its' south American neighbours, though relations with Chile are still wary, due to previous antagonistic incidents and conflict. 

[b]Bolivia[/b]
The economic growth and reforms of the 1990s in Bolivia were followed by a struggle in the early 21st century over the vast natural gas resources within Bolivia. The conflict lead to armed clashes between protestors and armed police, something that drew a lot of attention on the international stage. The protests continued, but the Heavenfall interrupted everything and drew attention away on the international stage. 
Elections conducted in the wake of the Heavenfall lead to a democratically socialist government that pursued nationalization of the gas reserves. The profits from this were used to institute sweeping economic reforms that lead to essential growth within the country and Bolivia emerging as the fastest growing country in the region and increases in wages for all workers. The same reforms also lead to better education and healthcare for all, with Bolivia starting to emerge as a more stable and strong nation than it had been in the 20th century. 
Bolivia is a member of the N/UN and has begun to modernise its' military forces as part of its' commitment to N/UN treaties.