[quote=So Boerd] Now that the presence of vanadium is established, the effectiveness is found. Vanadium encourages microbeads of iron carbide which improves hardness. [/quote] Negative, just because the magnetite has vanadium in it, does not mean that the vanadium makes the iron more effective. There is also the point where you have not answered all of Cosmic's previous questions, questions which could make this whole song and dance much easier, rather than us having to go through this.